Updated: April 02, 2022
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a form of manual processing welding which uses a flux coded consumable electrode. This electrode contains a metal rod at the core which aids in the laying of the flux in the weld.
In the SMAW weld, an electrical current is supplied, either alternating current or direct-current. This acts as the welding power supply and is used to create an electric arc between the metals that are to be joined in the electrode. A pool of molten metal is formed in the joint, which helps to secure the joint in place as it cools.
What Is Stick Welding?
Stick welding gets its name from the shape of the electrode. In this case, it looks very much like a stick. Because of its design and materials that are used, it can easily be applied to weld many kinds of metals together. This includes cast-iron, stainless steel, as well as other types of steel. The SMAW machine provides either an alternating current or direct-current. The alternating current switches and directions while the direct current operates in different directions based upon how the polarity of the stick weld is determined.How Does Stick Welding Work?
The process behind the SMAW weld is actually quite simple. As the ark heats up, it melts the base metal and the tip of the consumable electrode. Both the electrode and the base metal become a part of the electric circuit. By carrying the current and transferring it into the metal, it can heat both. As the flux and the metal begin to melt, small globules of molten metal form on the tip of the electrode. This is then transferred through the ark into the molten pool. The filler is deposited at the same time. As the metal filler begins to cool, it forms a sturdy, dependable bond that holds the two pieces of metal in place. The fusion process is extremely durable, primarily because the amount of heat generated during the use of the welding process would melt almost any form of metal as it reaches 900°F. This is why melting occurs instantaneously after the ark touches any metal.Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Welds can be created in all positions.
- Because of the heat generated it easily welds any metals.
- The cost is significantly cheaper than that of other welding methods.
- Perfect for creating a weld in very tight spaces.
Disadvantages
- The quality of them weld is suspect, as weld spatter, shallow penetration, and cracking are common.
- Creates a greater quantity of sparks and heat than other welding processes.
- Cleanup is quite extensive.
It Works in All Directions
One thing that welders really like about this form of welding is that it can be performed in any direction. All positions are available, including:- Flat
- Vertical
- Horizontal
- Overhead
Keeping the Welder Safe
To help protect the welder during use of this welding process, there are a few variables that a welder can use to control the amount of filler or heat that is being generated to protect him or herself. This comprises several factors, including:- Changing the size and type of the electrode.
- Changing the angle of the electrode to allow for greater or less penetration.
- Limiting the width of the weld.
- Changing the direction of the electrical current flow.
- Changing the distance of the arc length.
- Altering the amperage of the stick welding machine.
What Are the Applications of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) in comparison to Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)/Stick Welding?
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), also known as TIG welding, offers distinct advantages over Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) or Stick welding in various applications. GTAW provides precise control, superior weld quality, and versatility with thinner materials, intricate joints, and non-ferrous metals. Its applications span industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics, where high-quality welds are essential. With expertise in the tig welding process and applications, professionals can achieve exceptional results in diverse welding projects.
How Is SMAW Welding Used?
Because of its ability to be used in any direction and the fact that it creates quite a bit of spatter, there are several applications for this type of welding that make perfect sense.Major Applications of SMAW Welding
Looking at the list, one thing you will notice is that these are the kinds of structures where appearance does not necessarily matter. What is important is that the weld is durable and provides a great deal of longevity. Plus, many of these structures use types of metal that require large amounts of heat to be able to properly weld them together.- Shipbuilding. Take shipbuilding or fabrication structures as an example. These are large structures that use heavy duty metals to create. To ensure that these metals are bound tightly, the use of the stick welding process is often the best choice.
- Repair Work. This is especially true in emergency situations. Should there be damage to a ship while it is out at sea, using this type of welding process can help to create a durable weld when there is little concern about physical appearance. This is why repair work often uses this type of welding process. Because of the amount of heat that is generated, it ensures that welds can be created quickly to prevent any further damage.
- Construction. In construction, it is often used in interior parts of a structure where the weld will not be seen, but where metals need a large amount of heat to be able to properly weld them into position. This is clearly a weld that does the job.
